Lubrication of rotary mechanism



, 1,635,593 July 12 1927' F. 1 o. WADswoRTH I UBRICATION OF ROTARY MECHANISM Filed'oon le, 1922 2 sheets-sneer 1 FIBJ.

.6 July 12 1927' F. l.. o. wADswoRTH l 35 593 LUBRICATION OF ROTARY MECHANISM Filed Oct. 16, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5S v 45 FUSE. 68 48 ff? i I FII3.8-

/IVVE/V TOR Patented July l2, 1`927.`

UNITED STATES PATE-NT oFFicE.-

LUBBICATIN 0F' ROTARY MECHANISM.

Application led October` 16, 1 ?22. Serial No. 594391./

My invention relates to the lubrication of the bearings of rotary drill tools, deep well pumps, and other mechanism which must operate in small holes at great distances below the surface of the ground, or in other inaccessible, or dillicultly accessible positions; and one of the primary objects of my invention is the utilization of the torque, or twisting stress on the driving shaft of the-apparatus to maintain a predetermined forced ow of oil or other unguent to the working parts of the mechanism as long as the latter is in operation. v

i Another general yobject of my presentimprovements is toprovide a method and means for resolving a rotary movement of a driving shaft into two components, one of which serves to impart a reduced, or differential, speed of rotation t0 a driven element, and the other of which serves to establish and maintain a forced flow of lubricant. from a suitable reservoir to the bearing surfaces of the moving parts. In the hereinafter described exemplications of my invention these results areV effected by interposing a mass of lubricant between the dierentially rotatable elements of the organization and making use of this liquid mass (asl a volumetrically flexible fluid clutch element) to assist in the transmission of the rotry lmovement bers ;thereby creating yon the said massa reactive pressure that will force it through -suitable ducts to the desired points.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for adjusting` and controlling the rate of flow of the lubricant to the bearing surfaces under varying conditions of operation. In the illustrative constructions herein presented this object is accomplished,y

by the use of a variable rein some cases,

path of iiow, and in other sistance in the cases, by the use of a mechanicalgoveriion the relative, or differential' movement ofthe rotating parts; but in .gen-

that regulates eral the desired rate of discharge is adjusted reliable mechanism and predetermined by varying and controlling the ratio between the angular velocities of the driving and the driven members.

Y Still another purpose of these improvements is to provide. a-simple, effective. and

for lubricating the bearings of'the revolving cutters of a deep well rotary boring tool, which will act efficiently from the driving to the driven memf and uninterruptedly over long continued, pe-

riodsv of drilling, and which will not be dependent, in its action, on the use of a stream -of flushing liquid, or other similar agency, for the removal of material from the bore liole. A further specific object of my invention is to. produce a mechanism of this character lwhich can be operated equally well in either vertical, or horizontal, or inclined,

holes. The accompanying'examples of my improved construction are particularly designed for use in conjunction with tools of the last mentioned type.

Other specific objects, and other detail features, of'niy improvements-as applied to rotary drilly organizations-will be made ap-A parent to those skilled in .this art, by a consideration of the four illustrative embodiments of the presentl invention' .which are shown in the' accompanying drawings in which: v

Fig. -1V is a central longitudinal section through the head of a rotary drill which is provided with one form ofmy torque operated lubricator; Fig. 2 is a partial sectional elevation of `this same construction with the aparts thereof in the position which they occupy after an extended run; Fig. 3 is a crosssection on the plane 3-'3 of Fig. l; Fig. 4 is a partial longitudinal section of a rotaryy drill structure that is equipped with a second form of my improved lubricating me'c'hanism; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view on the plane 5 5 of Fig. 4;, Fig. 6 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 and illustrates still another embodiinent of my present invention;

Fig. 7 is a cross-section on the plane 7-7 of Fig. 6;' Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a fourth illustrative exemplication of this invention; and Figs. 9 and on the respective planes Fig.- 8.

In the construction shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3, 1 indicates .the` head member of a rotary type and form of cutters; andz2 designates the hollow drill stem through which a r0- tary' movement is `cbmniunicated to this head. The drill stem 2 is secured at its 9-9 and 10-10 of -lower end to aii enlarged tubular member 4 by means of the coupling sleeve or collar 6;

vand the head I -is provided with an elongated boss or hub 8 which is centrallyV bored, and threaded at its lower end, to receive a drill thatis provided with any desired i 10 are cross-sections iocics

tubular bolt 11 that extends upward through the collar 6, and carries at its upper end the washeigand loc-k nuts 12-13. The hub member 8, is provided on its periphery with multiple thread grooves 14, that are preferably made of rectangular cross-section; and the lower portion of the member 4 is provided with three longitudinal key ways 15-15 e'tc., that terminate just above the surface of rotary engagement between the said member and the end of the drill head 1. The relatively rotatable parts 2-4 and 1-8 are operatively connected by a driv-l ing' sleeve 16 which is threaded on its inner surface to vclosely engage with the spirally grooved boss, 8, and which carries, on its outer periphery, three inset keys, 17-17-17, that slide in the keyways 15. The upperl end of this sleeve is closed by a piston head 18, which is provided with suitable cup washers 19 and 20, that make close sliding engagement with the inner surface of the member 4 and with the outer surface of a tubular extension 21 that is attached to the upper end of the boss 8. The upper eX- tremity of the tube 21 terminates in close proximity 'to the adjacent face of the cap 6; and the annular passage way between the said tube andthe hollow bolt member 11 can be partially closed, at the top, by means of an adjustable beveled end collar 22 that closely embraces "the member 11 and is locked in adjusted position on the cap 6 by means of the dog 23. The lower end of the last mentioned passage way is normally closed by the valve 24 which slides on the member 11 and is held against the beveled extremity of the tube 21 by the coil spring 25. The lower portion of the passage way between the member 11 and the hub 8 communieates-through the duct 26--with an annular groove 27;a and other ducts 2S-28-2S etc. lead from this groove to the bearings of the drill headcutters and to the bearing between lthe drill head and the drill stem extension 4.

Before beginning' operations the annular reservoir between the members 4-21, 6-18 etc. is filled with a suitable lubricant-by 'removing the plugr 29-and the collar 22 is adjusted to `rive a predetermined restricted opening into the annular discharge passage way between the concentric tubes 11-21. The lock nuts 12, 13 are then screwed down until they make close working engagement` with the flanged head of the said collarthereby securing the drill head and drill stem me1nbers.'1-11 and 46 etc., in a fixed longitudinal, but relatively7 rotatable` relationship to each other. The drill stem 2 is then screwed into the collar 6 and the` drill is lowered into position in the bore hole. During this phase of the procedure no pressure is exerted on the lubricant to force it out of the reservoir; and any up flow or back iow of external liquid, through the duets and passages, 26--27-26 etc.,into the said reservoir, is prevented by the automatic closure of the valve- 24e. When the drill head cutters come in contact with the bottom of the hole, and the drill stem is rotated, this rotative movement is communicated to the drill head through the driving sleeve 16 and the tangential pressure engagemen'tbetween the spiral threads on the inner surface of this sleeve and the grooves 14 on the exterior of the drill head member 8, tends to move the said sleeve upward and thus force the lubricant above it Vout through the restricted discharge openings to 'the drill head bearings. The pressure thus vexerted on the material above the sleeve head 18 depends in part on the driving torque and in part on the axial inclination '01piteh ofthe spiral driving,r threads: and the rapidity of the discharge is controlled, in part by this pressure, in part by the viscosity of the lubricant used. in part by the initial tension imposed on the valve spring 25, and in part by the predetermined opening of the valve member 22. factors may be varied or preadjusted in advance, to meet, or correspond to, widely varied conditions of operation; and the iirstmentioned factor may be varied While the drill is in operation either by changinpr the speed of rotation or by increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drill head eutters. Other things beine` equal any increase in the workingr stress will be accompanied by a corresponding` increase in the pressure on the unguent in the lubricant reservoir. and aconsequent increase in the ow of this material to the working surfaces.

The upward movement of the driving sleeve and piston head 16-18 results in a constant-ly enlarging space between the lower end of the said sleeve and the top of the drill head, and also between the lower face of said piston and the top of the boss 8. The first mentioned space may be filled with the fluid surrounding the drill head and drill stem through a port 530 in the side of the member 4; but the other openingr is preferably sealed against the entry of this fluid by the close fitting` engagement of the threaded members 8 and 16 and also by the series of circumferential fluid packing grooves 31, 31 etc. The separation of the parts 8-18 may therefore produce a partial `vacuum under' the central portion of the plston 18 and thereby assist the partially confined lubricant above the piston in acting as a fluid clutch that will restrain 'the upward sliding movement of the driving` sleeve 16. and will thus coactwith the said sleeve in transmittinp; the rotary movement, of the drillstem parts 26-l to the drill head member 8. lVhen. in the course of the normal operatien, the members 16-18 have been moved The last three of these control upwardly until they engage with k the cap 6 (as shown in Fig. I2) all further differential movement ofthe torque transmitting elements 4-16-8Nis arrested, and the assemare 'mounted on a spider frame 16- blage will then revolve as an vintegral unit. i The drill stem and drill head members, 4-,8, may also be locked in integral and substantially rigid relationship at any desired point in the longitudinal movement of the driving sleeve 16, by screwing down the valve colla'r 22, until it engages theptop of; the tube `21 and thereby shuts olf substantially all escape of fluid from the chamber' above the piston head 18.

In the construction shown in Figs. 4 "and ,5, the drill head 1lis provided with a gear with the upperend of the drill head ln. The

gear members 8a `and 15a are operatively connected by gear pinions 17a- 17a-17a which that is revolvably supported bythe tubular bolt 111a and is rovided with a threaded stem or hub 14.` "Illlis threaded portion is tightly en- -ga ed with a piston 18a that is adaptedto sli e longitudinally in the member 4a, but is held agamst rotation therein by the spline or rib 33. The lower end of the rotatable spider frame 16a-14a is beveled to form avalve plug 22* which is adapted to cooperate with a conical seat in the adjacent face of the gear 8a; and the opening between these parts may be adjusted and controlled by means of the screw plug 34 inthe cap 6a.

Y This opening communicates-through' the spring closed valve 24a-with an annular space 27a from which ducts 28a lead to various drill head bearings. The tubular bolt 11* is grooved on one side to provide 'another duct 35 that communicates, at one end, with the space below the piston 18, and at the other end, with the thrust bearingv between the plug 34 and the upper end of the spiderscrew-frame 16a-14a; and the assembled vparts are held in fixed axial, or longitudinal,

relationship by the washer and lock"` nuts 12-13a, which arescrewed onto the upper end of said tubular bolt member. This hollow bolt 11a-like the correspondingly designated part 11 of the first described construction-may also serve to conduct a stream'of flushing liquid from the lower end` of the hollow drill stem 2 to a suitableopening in the drill head 1.

In this construction the annular space between thegmember 4?-14 and be'low the piston 18a serves as a lubricant reservoir;

and the spaceabove this piston is in communicationwith the iuid lsurrounding. the drillV stem through a port or passage way 30a. Then the drillstem members, 2-69-43-152 `are revolved, the angular movement is communicated to the drill head parts 1 8a through the toothed pinions 17 a which actas keys; but the torque..4 or tangential stress, on the spider support for these key pinions tends to revolve the screw 14 and draw the piston 18a toward the drill head.` This movement imposes a pressure on the lubri- 'cant below the piston and forces it through the restricted openings, below: the valve 22a [and above the valve 24, to the grooves and ducts 27a- 28%. The same action forces a 'constant supply of the unguent through the passage way 35 tol the thrust bearing at the top of the screw stem 14a', and thus prevents Vwater and grit from entering this bearing. The relatively differential movement of the transmission gears 15-17"-8a (and the consequent ratio between the angular movement 'of thehead 1 and the longitudinal movement of the piston 18a) may be restricted-in the initial design of the parts-by the pitch of thc screw 14a; but this move- 'mentmay also be governed and controlled und-er varying conditions of operation by adjusting the valve member 22a, and thereby alteringI the resistance to the volumetric change in the mass of the viscous liquid whichv is'interposedv between the relatively movable parts and'which acts as ka iuid transmission clutch for the said'parts.

The organization shown in Figs. 6 and 7l corresponds quite closely to that illustra-ted in Figs. 1 to 3. In the third exemplication vof the present invention the tubular member 4b is secured to the drill head1; and the spirally grooved or threadedl stem 8b is attached to, or'is' integral with, the coupling collar 6b into which the lower end of the drill stem `2 is screwed. The lower end of the hollow stem 8b is rotatably supported in a step bearing collar 36 which is lclamped in place against the top of the head, 1 by the shouldered terminal portion of the outer tu-r bular member 4b and also by the shouldered end of the central tube11b that projects up into the lower end of the hollow stem and serves as an additional guide and bearing element therefor. The lrelatively rotatable drill head and drill stem nfembers are held in fixed longitudinal relation by ythese lower terminal bearings and by an upper metal packing ring and sleeve nut, 13b-13b, which are 'carried by the tube 4b, and which also serve as upper guide bearings for the `said members. `The drill head member 4b is eccentrically'bored to receivev a driving sleeve 1Gb, which is provided with a piston head 18h that engages closely both .with theexdriving sleeve 16b and the piston head 18" are slidably engaged with each other, and are normally held in expanded position by means of a strong spiral sning 37, which also servesto maintain the leveled packing rings, or washers, 19h, 19h, in close working engagement with the wall of the chamber 1n which the parts move. The thrust bearing ring 36, at the bottom ol this chamber, is provided with a restricted port opening 38 which is normally closed by a. ball valve 2l" that is mounted on the llexible wall fluid pressure cell, or sylp'hon`A` "g and the in terior o'l' this ccll can be charged with air or other gas or vapor, to any desired and predetermined pressure, through the Schrader valve 22b that is sealed into the side of the drill head 1. The annular space 2Tb-in which the valve elements 24h-25b are bearings in the head by duets 28", 281 etc.; mounted-is connected with the various and the lower end of the eccentric annular chamber, between the parts ld-813 may, if desired, be connected to the upper bearing, between the parts 6"*l2"-13b, by means of the restricted duct 35.

ln 1the use of this last described organ ization the chamber last mentioned is filled with oil or other suitable lubricant, through the opening that/.is closed by the plug 29h. When the drill head is lowered into position on the bottom-ot the bore hole and the drill stein is revolved, the rotary movement of the spirally grooved stem 8l is transmitted to the drill head member 4b through the eccentric driving sleeve 1Gb and its attached head 18"; but the torque pressure engagement between the sides of the spiral grooves 14h and the cooperating threads on the sleeve 16h, imposes a longitudinal stress on the latter member and moves it downward at a rate which .is determined by the.,pitch of the screw thread'elements and by the fluid resistance offered by the confined mass of lubricant.`

This resistance can be varied as may be desired-tnieet varying conditions of operation-by using unguents of different viscosities` and by increasing or decreasing the fluid spring pressure on the discharge valve element 24h. It the pressure exerted on the confined mass exceeds the initial tension of the piston spring 37 the latter will yield slightly and thus provide an automatic elastic equalizer which will serve to maintain a uniform flow of lubricant through the port 38 even when the driving torque fluetuates through a considerable range.

The downward movement of. the sleeve 16h leaves a space between the upper end of the said sleeve and the cap (3b. This space may be plaoed in communication with the interior of the drill stem through an aperture 30h; or it may be completely closed oil from other parts lof the apparatus, in which case the separation of the members 16---6b will y Leeneea create a partial vacuum in the expandin space and thereby supplement the eect o the liquid clutch. pressure on the piston head 18b in restraining the' sliding movement of the driving sleeve on the parts L,ld-8*. The hollow stem 8* and the tubular guide bearing member l1b form a continuous passage for conducting a stream of flushing liquid from the drill stem to a central aperture in the drill head. Then the drilling operations are arrested, either by lifting the drill head from the bottom of the bore hole or by stop ping the rotation ot the drill stem, `the pressure on the material in the lubricant reservoir is relieved and the valve 24h will immediately close, thereby preventing an further flow of unguent to the drill head bearings, and also preventing any back flow ofliquid from these bearings into the reservoir.

Figs. 8, 9 and l() depict another illustrative embodiment of the present improvements.

In this fourth exemplification of my inven# tion the lower end of the drill stem 2 is coupled to a tubular member 4f by means of the cap 6C and the collar 6". The drill head l is y threaded at its upper end to receive a cap 36 that carries an upwardly extending tubular member llc and a sector, or radius block SC-these three parts being suitably secured together to form a substantially inte gral assemblage which can be screwed as a unit onto the threaded drill head. The outer edge of the block 8C, and the adjacent portion of the cap 36, are longitudinally grooved to receive a wedge shaped packing strip 19C, which serves to maintain a liquid tight joint between the surfaces of the relativel.L .rotatable members ith-8C. The tubular mem er 4 carries another sector shaped block 16C which is detachably secured to the said member (as by screws 40) and which is fitted to make close sliding engagement with the surface of the inner tube 11;-the sliding joint between these parts being provided with a spring pressed packing strip 20c for the purpose of preventing leakage of liquid through that joint. The top of the segmental chamber between the parts, c--112 80-16C- which constitutes the lubricant reservoir of this construction-is covered by a head 4l which is bolted down on the upper end of the connected members 8--112 and which is provided with a taper headed screw 4t2 that engages the slotted end of the packing strip 19s and serves to hold the latter in adjusted position in its wedge shaped groove. The outer edge of the `head All engages with the upper end of the tubular member 4 and maintainsa tight end to end engagement between the relatively movable parts, l--lt3"' and l36c-1l-4lg and the drill head and are further held against longitudinal displacement by means of the metal packing end of this port is rihg gage provided with' the gravity ap valve 24. Duets 28, 28, lead from the Space 27 to the various bearings, that are to be suppliedwith lubricant, and an aperture 29 (which is. closed by the plug 29) is provided at one side of the head for the purpose `ing a spring closed ferent means of control which of refilling the emptied or partially emptied reservoir through the normally open valve and assage way 24-88. v

. en the last described tool is in operation the rotary movement of the drill stem members, 2-66-4-16, is communicated' tothedrill head assemblage, 8-11 41-36-1, through the riction-al engagement of the cooperating parts, and also through the mass of lubricant in the segmental chamber betweenthe sectorblocks 16-8; andthe larger component of this tangential .or circumferential driving pressure acts directly on the vconfined unguent and. forces it through thev passage ways and ducts 38-27-28 etc. to the drill head bearin This pressure will also maintain a film of lubricant between the relatively rotating surfaces of the parts 4l21336, and 4-641 at the bottom and top of the lubricant reservoir,l and thus serve to exclude water? and dirt from those bearings. The P dierential movement of the member 4, with respect to the drill `head parts 1 36,-1l,`results in the gradual' clockwise separation of the initially contiguous faces of the blocks 816; and the 'expanding space betweenthese faces is filled with ,the Huid surrounding the drillstem through a small port opening 30 in the tubular member 4. The hydraulic resistance tothe discharge of the lubricant through the restricted ducts 28 is always somewhat greater than the pressure of thls surrounding. fluid; and the angular velocities of trolled ley-varying this resistance in the manner previously described (il e., by substitutvalve similar to that indicated at 24"--25b in Fig. 6 for the gravity valve 24). But in this organization I have employed, forthis purpose, a4 somewhat dif- -will now be described:` f p y The sleeve connection 6 is bored out to receive an annular ,gear 43 which is held in non-rotatable relation to the sleeve, by keys orpins 44-44, `and which is clampedhin place therein bythe end of thecouplm cap 6. The tubularmember 11 is provide with a hollow extension 45 which projects up through a liquidptightv bearing in the and the dri-l1 head l; and the lower' coupling cap 6, and which carries a s ool shaped frame 46-46 that lis held in` ed vposltion on the head 41 by means of the dowel pin 47 and the nut 48. The frame 46 supports the shaft bearings of a train of gears 50, 51 to 66; which are connected-together in successive pair's sti-'51, 5er-53,

etc.; and the shaft of the terminal gear 66 also carrles a balance or escapement wheelkor other suitable governor-67, that regulates and controls the relative angular movement of .the parts 6,'and 46-41, and thus governs the rate of discharge of material from the vcontracting lubricant reservoir` The closed chamber in which this train o gearing iscontain'ed is preferably lilledwith some very mobile oilthrough vsome Sut8. ble 4opening such as the onei indicated at 68that will serve to protect and lubricate this control mechanism and will lalso assist in sealing the packed-'joint between the parts,

46-41, and 6-4. The entire structural combinationof gear' and gear support elements 43 to 66 may sired', readily removed asvan assembledunit, by taking ofi' the couplingl cap 6 and the ties of the varied. as

desired \by changing the period of the governor 67, or by moving the shaft which carries it to another point in the ytrain;-this last procedure being made` possible by the fact that thevpinion-goyernor air 66-67 -may bel substituted for any one of the preceding pairs, 64-6'5, (i2-63,' etc., ete'.

bevexposed, and if denut 48; and the ratio-.of the angularvelocii It will be obvious to engineers,- and others rfamiliar with the class of devices hereinbefore described, thatthe mechanical gov,- ernor mechanism last described may be used, if desired,to regulate and control they relative, or diierential, movements of the drill head and drill stem members, 4.--8,l or 4-8, or 4"--8b (which constitute parts of, the first three exempliications of .my in; lvention) in the same manner as it is utilized to restrain and determine the relative angu-` lar motionv Vof the parts 4.- 16 and 8 of Figs. 8, 9 and 10. And it will alsoibe-oblvious that other forms "of governing dea liquid dash pot mechanism-may be used to obtain thesame results as are secured by the employment, either of the gearwheel governor train (43-67) that Ais illustrated .in Figs. 8 and 10, or'of thethrott-le. valve vl vicessuch for example,l as a clepsydia br izo elements (24,- 24 or 24") thatare shown in y Figs. 1, 4 and 6.

Numerous other changes may baignade-4` both in the form and arrangement'of' the' parts--without essentially' changing the characteristic features of the improved or-4 ganizations hereinbefore described, and with this` disclosure vas a guide thoseskilled in.- the art can utilize these improvements (in 1anA whole or in part, as may be desired) in con- -unction with many different types of rotary oring tools, deep well pumps, and analogous rotor driven structures, which must be operated at locally inaccessible points, and which must be continuously supplied with lubricant for long extended periods of operation. I do not, therefore, regard the previously described exemplications of my invention as limiting it to one particular eld of application; nor do I wish to otherwlse limit its scope except as indicated in the accompanyin claims, to-wit:

1. The inet iod of supplying lubricant to bearings on a train of revolving members which consists in interposing a fluid mass of ungueiit between the driving and driven elements ofthe said tra-in and subjecting the said massto a component part of the driving torque, exerted by the driving elements.

2. The method of feeding lubricant to the bearings of a power driven member which consists in resolving the force acting thereon into two components, utilizing one of said components to apply pressure to a mass of unguent and thereby force it to the said bearings andutilizing the other of said components to move the said member.

3. The method of feeding lubricant to the bearings of a power driven member which consists in resolving the driving force into two components, utilizing one of said components to apply pressure to a mass of unguent i and thereby force it to the sald bearings and utilizing the othercomponent to transmit a predetermined differential movement from the driving to the driven member."

4. The method of supplying lubricant to bearings on a driven member which consists in interposing a mass of unguent between the said member and a driving element, submitting said mass to a part of the driving torque exerted by said element, and utilizing the difference between the angular velocities of the driving element and the driven member in controlling the rate of ilow of the lubricant. ,i

5. The method of forcing lubricant to bearings on a train of mechanism which consists in interposing a mass of unguent between diierentially movable elements of the said 4 train, subjecting the said mass to a part of the driving pressure on one of said elements, and controlling the diii'erential movement of that element with respect to its associates.

6. The method of forcing lubricant to the bearings of a deep well rotary boring tool which consists in interposing a` mass of viscous unguent between two relatively movable members that are attached respectively to the drill stem and the drill head, subjecting the said mass to a portion of the angular driving pressure exerted by the said stem on the said head, and controlling the How of the lubricant to the said bearings by var ing the resistance to the flow of lubricant rom i parts.

8. In a lubricating mechanism for two relatively rotatable members the combination of means for holding a mass of viscous unguent between said members, with other means for conducting said unguent to bearings on one of said members, and control devices to regulate the flow of lubricant to said bearings when the said members are subjected to an external drivingforce.

9. In a lubricating structure for two series connected and relatively rotatable members, the combination of a volumetrically variable lubricant chamber between these members, ducts leading from this chamber to bearing surfaces on one of the said members, and means for moving one of the walls of the said chamber to diminish the volume thereof when movement is transmitted from one to the other of the aforesaid members.

10. In a rotary boring tool the combination of a drill head, a drill `stein rotatably mounted thereon, a yieldingclutch member interposed between said relatively rotatable parts and 'comprising as one of its elements a mass of viscous lubricant conned in a volumetrically variable chamber, and ducts to bearing surmass of unguent within said chamber, and Y ducts leading therefrom to the said drill head'.

12. In a 'rotary boring tool the combination ofn a drill head, a cutter rotatably mounted thereon, a drill stem longitudinally fixed but rotatably connected thereto, a chamber between said relatively rotatable parts, ducts leadingr from said chamber to the bearing of said cutter, and means for diminishing the volume of said chamber by the rotation of the drill stem.

13. In a rotary boring tool the combination of a drill head carrying cutters, .a drill stem, a yielding clutch mechanism for operatively connecting said stem to said head and a lubricant chamber interposed between said parts and having a movable wall and the bearings of means for controllin the movement of said wall with respect to the movement of the said drill head to regulate the delivery of lubricant from said chamber to the bearings of said cutters. y v

14.v In a rotary boring tool the combination ofv a drill Ahead for supportinga series of revolving cutter bits, a drill stem lfor rotating said head, means for coupling .saidl stem to said head in an axially fixed but relatively rotatable relation, a yielding clutch connection between the relativel rotatable parts, means for varying the yiel orslip of said clutch'to alter. the dierential angular velocities of the drill stem and drill head; and means for utilizing this slip to feed lubrilc)ant to the bearings of the aforesaid cutter its.

, 15. A rotary boring tool for deep wells which comprisesv a drill head for supporting the borin bits, a drill stem for rotating said head, alu ricant chamber between said driving and driven parts, a clutch mechanism operatively connecting these parts and having an element that is movable within said chamber, ducts leading therefrom to the bearing surfaceson the said head, and means for controlling the flow of lubricant through said ducts when the drill stem is revolved.

16. A deep-well rotary boring Vtool which comprises a head, a drill stem longitudinally fixed but relatively rotatable with respect thereto, a yielding clutch mechanism operatively connecting these relatively rotatable parts, a lubricant chamber interposed between said parts and having a movable wall that constitutes a part of said clutch mechanism, ducts leading from said -chamber to "the bearing surfaces on said head, and means for controlling the movement of said chamber wall with respect to the rotary movement of said drill stem and thereby governing the discharge of lubricant from the said chamber through the said ducts.

17. In a rotary boring tool the combination of a drill stem, a head rotatively movable with respect thereto and carrying cutters, a lubricant chamber interposed between these members, means actuated by the relative movement of said members to vary the volume of said chamber, a passage way leading therefrom to bearings of said cutters, and a one wayvvalve` located in said assage way for reventing any inflow of uid to said chamber.

18. In a rotary boring-tool the combination of two relatively rotatable members, a. differential clutch mechanism for yieldingly connecting said members, a lubricant chamber interposed between them and having a movable wall that constitutes a part of the said clutch, a passage way leading from the said chamber to bearings on the said members, and means for governing the outflow of lubricant from the said chamber through the Athreaded stem secured to one of said members, a threaded piston operatively engaged with said stem and longitudinally movable with respect to the other of said members, a lubricant chamber having one of its walls formed by said movable piston, a passage way leading from said chamber to bearings of said cutters, and means for regulating the longitudinal movement of said piston in said chamber' when the said members are rotated.

2O. A rotary boring tool whichcomprises two relatively rotatable parts, a'volumetrically variable lubricant chamber positioned between them, a spirally grooved member secured to one of said parts, a second member operatively engaged by the grooves of the rst member and constituting one wall ofthe said chamber, means for holding said second member in non-rotatable but longitudinally movable relation to the other of said relatively rotatable parts, means for controlling the. longitudinal movement of ysaid second member when the partsl are rotated and thereby governing the. rate of volumetric variation ,in the size of said lubricant chamber, a discharge opening leading from this chamber to parts to be lubricated, and means located in said opening for preventing ang7 reverse inflow of fluid thereto.

21. In a rotary'borin'g tool,y the combination of` a drill stem, a relatively rotatable head 1nounted\thereon, a lubricant chamber communicating with bearings on said head and a lubricant forcing member located in said chamber and actuated by the relative lotary movement between said stem and said 22.` A method of feeding lubricant to the cutter bearings of a rotary drilling tool,

which comprises interposing a substantiall conned mass of lubricant between the rota ing stem and theA cutter carrying head of a rotary drilling tool, transmitting rotatin forces acting on the stem to the head throug saidlubricant, and employing a component of the forces so transmitted in feeding lubricant from said substantially confined mass to the, cutter bearings.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

FRANK L. o. WADswoRTH. 

